The Catholic Religion was the only official religion in all territories under Spanish and Portuguese rule. [citation needed]. (2018). These movements have benefited considerably from transnational support from conservationists and INGOs. [277] The nuclear power generation monopoly is owned by Eletronuclear (Eletrobrás Eletronuclear S/A), a wholly owned subsidiary of Eletrobrás. [191] Female sex workers and drug users also have higher prevalence for the disease than the general population (4.9% and 1%-49.7% respectively). Es gibt jedoch Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Bereichen, die in diesem Artikel hervorgehoben werden. Latinoamérica, portugiesisch América Latina, französisch Amérique latine) ist ein politisch-kultureller Begriff, der dazu dient, die spanisch- und portugiesischsprachigen Länder Amerikas von den englischsprachigen Ländern Amerikas abzugrenzen (→ Angloamerika).. After the dissolution of Gran Colombia, New Grenada continued to have conflicts between conservatives and liberals. October 24, 2013. Brazil's President, Getúlio Vargas, wanted to industrialize Brazil, allowing it to be more competitive with other countries. The failure of the invasion led to a Soviet-Cuban alliance. Zuerst wurde er in Frankreich verwendet, um mit Verweis auf die gemeinnsamen sprachlichen Wurzeln das außenpolitische Engagement vor allem in Mexiko zu legitimieren. By June 2014, Honduras (Juan Orlando Hernández), Guatemala (Otto Pérez Molina), and Panama (Ricardo Martinelli) had right-wing governments. Latin America is the region with the highest levels of income inequality in the world. [61] From the early 1820s to 1850, the post-independence economies of Latin American countries were lagging and stagnant. Puerto Rican cinema has produced some notable films, such as Una Aventura Llamada Menudo, Los Diaz de Doris and Casi Casi. [120] As indigenous populations are primarily rural, indigenous movements account for a large portion of rural social movements, including the Zapatista rebellion in Mexico, the Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador (CONAIE), indigenous organizations in the Amazon region of Ecuador and Bolivia, pan-Mayan communities in Guatemala, and mobilization by the indigenous groups of Yanomami peoples in the Amazon, Kuna peoples in Panama, and Altiplano Aymara and Quechua peoples in Bolivia. In the mid-1840s some leaders in Caracas organized a liberal opposition. Another trend is the rapidly increasing importance of the relations with China.[121]. In Brazil, the Cinema Novo movement created a particular way of making movies with critical and intellectual screenplays, a clearer photography related to the light of the outdoors in a tropical landscape, and a political message. Idea for a Federal Congress of Republics. Zimmermann sent the telegram in anticipation of the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare by Germany on February 1, an act which Germany presumed would lead to war. A history of Latin America. In the 1990s, many of the groups that made up the women's movement began to evolve in order to adapt to a changing political climate. The slave population was massive compared to the better known slave ownership in the United States. Some groups formed more permanent settlements such as the Chibcha (or "Muisca" or "Muysca") and the Tairona groups. For example, USAID created family planning programs in Latin America combining the NGOs already in place, providing the women in largely Catholic areas access to contraception.[74]. Die Ölproduktion des Unternehmens ist stark eingebrochen.“ Handelsblatt.com, 13. This politico-economical initiative was institutionalized in North America by 1994 NAFTA, and elsewhere in the Americas through a series of like agreements. Such discrimination did not prevent interbreeding; but children of mixed parentage were assigned to the status of their mothers. Latin America can be subdivided into several subregions based on geography, politics, demographics and culture. (eds.). In. Die größte Metropole in Lateinamerika ist … "[33] Following in the tradition of Chilean writer Francisco Bilbao, who excluded Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay from his early conceptualization of Latin America,[34] Chilean historian Jaime Eyzaguirre has criticized the term Latin America for "disguising" and "diluting" the Spanish character of a region (i.e. Armed Cuban intervention overseas began on June 14, 1959 with an invasion of the Dominican Republic[107] by a group of fifty-six men, who landed a C-56 transport aircraft at the military airport of the town of Constanza. Latin American culture is a mixture of many cultural expressions worldwide. [259] Considering all of Latin America, the 10 busiest airports in 2017 were: Mexico City (Mexico), São Paulo-Guarulhos (Brazil), Bogotá (Colombia), Cancún (Mexico), São Paulo-Congonhas (Brazil), Santiago ( Chile), Lima (Peru), Brasilia (Brazil), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and Tocumen (Panama). Because inequality in gender and location are near universal, race and ethnicity play a larger, more integral role in the unequal discriminatory practices in Latin America. Chile has important international airports such as Santiago, Antofagasta, Puerto Montt, Punta Arenas and Iquique, among others. Although the initial overthrow of the Somoza regime in 1978–79 was a bloody affair, the Contra War of the 1980s took the lives of tens of thousands of Nicaraguans and was the subject of fierce international debate. The bribery ring has become the largest corruption scandal in Latin American history. [46] In the absence of a charismatic figure who could represent a moderate face of power, during this period a series of localized rebellions took place, as the Cabanagem, the Malê Revolt, the Balaiada, the Sabinada, and the Ragamuffin War, which emerged from the dissatisfaction of the provinces with the central power, coupled with old and latent social tensions peculiar of a vast, slaveholding and newly independent nation state. Vor mehreren Hundert Jahren eroberten Seefahrer aus Portugal und Spanien weite Teile Amerikas und vertrieben die Ureinwohner. In Nicaragua, Spanish is the official language, but on the country's Caribbean coast English and indigenous languages such as Miskito, Sumo, and Rama also hold official status. The proposal was intercepted and decoded by British intelligence. [76] In the final year of the war, Mexico sent one air squadron to serve under the Mexican flag: the Mexican Air Force's Escuadrón Aéreo de Pelea 201 (201st Fighter Squadron), which saw combat in the Philippines in the war against Imperial Japan. [53], In Argentina, the conflict manifested itself as a prolonged civil war between unitarianas (i.e. Nahuatl is one of the 62 native languages spoken by indigenous people in Mexico, which are officially recognized by the government as "national languages" along with Spanish. The three most important highways in the country are Route 9, Route 7 and Route 14. The country has the second largest number of airports in the world, behind only the United States. Some historians[citation needed] believe that the term was created by geographers in the 16th century to refer to the parts of the New World colonized by Spain and Portugal, whose Romance languages derive from Latin. The Mexican–American War, another instance of U.S. involvement in Latin America, was a war between the United States and Mexico that started in April 1846 and lasted until February 1848. [183] Most of the top countries with the highest homicide rates are in Africa and Latin America. Over the course of millennia, people spread to all parts of the continents. "[7] The following year the Colombian writer José María Torres Caicedo also used the term in his poem "The Two Americas". Many of the survivors were forced to work in European plantations and mines until indigenous slavery was outlawed with the New Laws of 1542. Tertiary education has the lowest coverage, with only 70% of people between the ages of 18 and 25 years outside of the education system. Idea de un Congreso Federal de las Repúblicas", "Population of Latin America and the Caribbean (2020) – Worldometer", "World Economic Outlook Database October 2019", "The Invention of Latin America: A Transnational History of Anti-Imperialism, Democracy, and Race", Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic and other groupings, "Country Directory. [156] An estimated 1.5 to two million Salvadorans reside in the United States. Kahlo's work commands the highest selling price of all Latin American paintings.[306]. However, tensions between the two countries were still high and over the next six years things only got worse with raids along the border and attacks by Native Americans against Mexican citizens. The telegram instructed Ambassador Eckardt that if the U.S. appeared certain to enter the war, he was to approach the Mexican Government with a proposal for a military alliance, with funding from Germany. From the very moment of Europe's discovery of the continents, early explorers and conquistadores produced written accounts and crónicas of their experience – such as Columbus's letters or Bernal Díaz del Castillo's description of the conquest of Mexico. Bureaucratic authoritarianism was practised in Brazil after 1964, in Argentina, and in Chile under Augusto Pinochet, in a response to harsh economic conditions. [240][241][242][243] In 2019, the country was the 8th producer of vehicles and the 9th producer of steel in the world. However, the native language of Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao, is Papiamento, a creole language largely based on Portuguese and Spanish and has a considerable influence coming from the Dutch language and Portuguese-based creole languages. Green cells indicate the best performance in each category while red indicates the lowest. The corruption scandal of Odebrecht, a Brazilian conglomerate, has raised allegations of corruption across the region's governments (see Operation Car Wash). [193] In 2017 77% of Latin Americans with HIV were aware of their HIV status. Arguably, the main contribution to music entered through folklore, where the true soul of the Latin American and Caribbean countries is expressed. Later on Francisco de Miranda in Venezuela by 1812. In both Bilbao's and Torres Caicedo's works, the Mexican–American War and Walker's expedition to Nicaragua are explicitly mentioned as examples of dangers for the region. The Movement of Rural Landless Workers (MST) is perhaps the largest contemporary Latin American social movement. On May 15, 1943, a squadron of Cuban submarine chasers sank the German submarine U-176 near Cayo Blanquizal. Thus, for example, of the approximately 13.5 million people who lived in the Spanish colonies in 1800 before independence only about one fifth were white. How many power plants do we have in Brazil? It's basically used for transporting ores. By the end of the eighteenth century, Spanish and Portuguese power waned on the global scene as other European powers took their place, notably Britain and France. At that time, benefiting from the abundant local raw material, the low wages paid to the labor force and a certain specialization brought by immigrants, countries such as Brazil, Mexico and Argentina, as well as Venezuela, Chile, Colombia and Peru, were able to implement important industrial parks. Today same-sex marriage is legal in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Uruguay, and French overseas departments, as well as in several states of Mexico. Der Inhalt ist verfügbar unter der Lizenz. [59] Britain now replaced Spain as the region's largest trading partner. [93] Around Latin America, rural guerrilla conflict and urban terrorism increased, inspired by the Cuban example. Colombia has important international airports such as Bogotá, Medellín, Cartagena, Cali and Barranquilla, among others. It has an area of approximately 19,197,000 km2 (7,412,000 sq mi),[1] almost 13% of the Earth's land surface area. Chilean cherries. Die unfreien Arbeiter wurden später befreit. Lateinamerika Mehr als 70 Tote durch Tropensturm "Eta" Extrem viel Niederschlag hat Erdrutsche und Überschwemmungen in Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica und Panama ausgelöst. [314] Also notable is the recent work of the Cuban Leo Brouwer and guitar work of the Venezuelan Antonio Lauro and the Paraguayan Agustín Barrios. It rested on the conviction that no democracy could take the harsh measures to curb inflation, reassure investors, and quicken economic growth quickly and effectively. The country is the world's third largest producer of sunflower seed. [195], Over the past two centuries, Latin America's GDP per capita has fluctuated around world average. Since Venezuela and Ecuador consume little oil and export most of their production, they are part of OPEC. [257], There are 1,834 airports in Mexico, the third-largest number of airports by country in the world. In the 1970s, Mexico was the location for many cult horror and action movies. Latinoamérica, portugiesisch América Latina, französisch Amérique latine) ist ein politisch-kultureller Begriff, der dazu dient, die spanisch- und portugiesischsprachigen Länder Amerikas von den englischsprachigen Ländern Amerikas abzugrenzen (→ Angloamerika ). The port city of Veracruz, Mexico and France's desire to construct a new canal were of particular interest. Although a majority of countries within the region are officially secular, the church continues to have an extensive influence within the region due to Latin America being the largest Catholic region in the world. Its occupation dates to some 14,000 years ago and there is some disputed evidence of even earlier occupation. The port of Buenos Aires is historically the first in individual importance, but the area known as Up-River, which stretches along 67 km of the Santa Fé portion of the Paraná River, brings together 17 ports that concentrate 50% of the total exports of the country. [219], In 2018, Argentina was the 4th largest producer of beef in the world, with a production of 3 million tons (behind only USA, Brazil and China). Both rejected also European imperialism, claiming that the return of European countries to non-democratic forms of government was another danger for Latin American countries, and used the same word to describe the state of European politics at the time: "despotism." They tried to assist the army by bringing them up to the European military standard but constant civil missions did not prepare them for World War II. By the end of the sixteenth century Spain and Portugal controlled territory extending from Alaska to the southern tips of the Patagonia. The Venezuelan Armando Reverón, whose work begins to be recognized internationally, is one of the most important artists of the 20th century in South America; he is a precursor of Arte Povera and Happening. These groups focused on specific policy issues, such as abortion, and were not composed exclusively of civil society actors. Lateinamerika befindet sich mitten im Umbruch. Woodville. Napoleon's invasion of Spain in 1808 marked a turning point, compelling Criollo elites to form juntas that advocated independence. Salmon farming in Chile. by his works which, on first examination, are noted for their exaggerated proportions and the corpulence of the human and animal figures. Both Spain and Portugal colonized and settled the Americas, which along with the rest of the uncolonized world, was divided among them by the line of demarcation in 1494. [83] Batista became president in his own right following the election of 1940. pg541-542. In 2018, it produced 589 thousand tons of beef. Maurer Queipo, Isabel (ed. Currently, more than half of low income children or living in rural areas fail to complete nine years of education.[177]. Homicide rates in Latin America are the highest in the world. Profiles by Country or Area, "Ten percent of Venezuelans are taking steps for emigrating", https://www.giga-hamburg.de/sites/default/files/md_pdf/emigrant-policies-LatinAmerica-and-theCaribbean.pdf%7Caccessdate=May, "Latin America Is the Murder Capital of the World", "A Year of Violence Sees Brazil's Murder Rate Hit Record High", "Intentional homicides (per 100,000 people)", "Map: Here are countries with the world's highest murder rates", "Crime Hinders Development, Democracy in Latin America, U.S. Says – US Department of State", "Understanding the uneven distribution of the incidence of homicide in Latin America", "The Politics of Abortion in Latin America", "Abortion Rights in Latin America: A Tale of Varying Woes", https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-41005517, "HIV and AIDS in Latin America the Caribbean regional overview", "The Changing Face of HIV in Latin America and the Caribbean", "Miles to go—closing gaps, breaking barriers, righting injustices", "HIV prevention among transgender women in Latin America: implementation, gaps and challenges", "GDP 2019, some Latin American countries", "On the Human Capital of Inca Indios before and after the Spanish Conquest. Lateinamerika ist … Demokratische Strukturen haben sich etabliert, doch die soziale Anspannung ist geblieben. A third reactor, Angra III, with a projected output of 1,350 MW, is planned to be finished. Eventually, these early movements were crushed by the royalist troops by 1810, including those of Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla in Mexico in the year 1810. Another well-known Latin American musical genre includes the Argentine and Uruguayan tango (with Carlos Gardel as the greatest exponent), as well as the distinct nuevo tango, a fusion of tango, acoustic and electronic music popularized by bandoneón virtuoso Ástor Piazzolla. The United States imposed a trade embargo on Cuba, and combined with Castro's expropriation of private enterprises, this was detrimental to the Cuban economy. Jahrrhunnderts gebräuchlich. Brazil is the co-owner of the Itaipu Plant with Paraguay: the dam is located on the Paraná River, located on the border between countries. [103] Ramfis Trujillo, the dictator's son, remained in de facto control of the government for the next six months through his position as commander of the armed forces.
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